Anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) is a type of anemia that affects people who have conditions that cause inflammation. 
In terms of the prevalence ACD, they rank second after iron deficiency anemia
Causes and prevalence of chronic diseases anemias:
18-95% Acute and chronic infections (viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal)
30-77% Tumors (hematological malignancies, solid tumors)
8-71% Autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease - Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
8-70% Chronic transplant rejection
23-50% Chronic kidney disease
In hospitalized elderly patients, the frequency of ACD reaches 36-80%, in outpatients 5-14% HEPCIDIN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE. Hepcidin regulates the plasma iron concentrations, but the opposite is also true – hepcidin is controlled by iron stores of a body. According to modern concepts, the basic role in iron regulation is assigned to hepcidin - an acute phase protein synthesized in liver.
Its discovery made it possible to clarify in many respects the association between immune mechanism of iron homeostasis disturbance and development of ACD. It has been proven that increase of hepcidin synthesis in liver under the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in chronic diseases leads to decrease of iron absorption in intestine, blocking release of iron from macrophages of the liver, spleen and from hepatocytes due to hepcidin blockade of ferroprotein function. Insufficient supply of iron to erythroid cells leads to violation of their maturation and decrease in heme synthesis. In this case, a functional or "redistributive" iron deficiency develops.
Therefore, increase in blood hepcidin in response to inflammation leads to severe iron deficiency.
IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES ANEMIA, CONVENTIONAL IRON PREPARATIONS ARE OF LOW EFFICIENCY DUE TO IMPAIRED SUCTION IN THE INTESTINAL FOR EFFECTIVE THERAPY OF CHRONIC DISEASES ANEMIA, A HEPSIDIN-INDEPENDENT IRON DELIVERY ROUTE IS DEMANDED
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