Surgery-related blood loss is another common cause of anemia. Meta-analysis of 19 studies showed that 24% of patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty and 44% of patients with hip fracture had perioperative anemia (D.R. Spahn, 2010).
According to Shander et al. (2004), anemia develops in 22-75% of patients who underwent colorectal surgery, and in 34% of cases after abdominal surgery.
More than 85% of patients with normal hematological parameters before surgery have confirmed iron deficiency after elective orthopedic intervention due to massive blood loss (Lasocki et al., 2012).
Often, patients have anemia before surgery, which should cause particular concern among anesthesiologists and surgeons due to significant deterioration in the postoperative prognosis. Prospective and retrospective cohort studies show that patients with preoperative anemia (Hb <80 g / L) have worse postoperative outcomes and a higher 30-day mortality rate compared to non-anemic patients.
Thus, iron deficiency in the perioperative period contributes to: increase in the frequency of infectious and inflammatory complications, postoperative mortality; increasing the length of hospital staying; increasing the sum of treatment costs.
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